Hermaphroditism Essay Example For Students

Hermaphroditism Essay HermaphroditismHermaphroditism, in science, is the association of the two genders in the equivalent individual,or the blend of a portion of their qualities or organs in one individual.1 Ahermaphrodite individual is explicitly incomplete or mostly male and somewhat female. Because of the likenesses among male and female sex organs, it might be hard to tell whether ahuman bisexual is a female with overdeveloped clitoris or a male with immature penis, separated scrotum, and nondescendant testes.2 Recently, numerous people have experienced careful or hormone treatment to change their nonfunctioning sex attributes and accentuate the sex showed by those that are practical. Hermaphroditism happens in the incredible dominant part of blooming plants, and at times happens in numerous invertebrate creatures. It happens once in a while in different fishes, in frogs, amphibians, and certain newts among the amphibians.True utilitarian Hermaphroditism is uncommon or missing in higher animals.3 Very scarcely any instances of human bisexual have been accounted for. The term Hermaphroditism got from the legend of Hermaphroditus. He was the child of Hermes and Aphrodite. At the point when he was fifteen years of age, the fairy of the wellspring Salmacis became hopelessly enamored with him, however he dismissed her. At some point, Salmacis maneuvered Hermaphroditus into the wellspring and she folded herself over him and supplicated that they could never be isolated. The divine beings conceded her petition that they never be isolated. Their two bodies were consolidated, and they never again were kid or young lady yet portion of both sexes.4 1. Funk Wagnalls New Encyclopedia. Hermaphroditism. Hermaphroditism Online,http://www.funkandwagnalls.com/reference book/low/articles/h/h011000803f.html (1998). 2. On the same page. 3. On the same page. 4. Imprint Morford, The Homeric Hymn to Hermes. Old style Mythology Online Online,http://longman.awl.com/folklore/chaptertopics/summary_10.asp (1995)

The Epic of Gilgamesh :: essays research papers

The Epic of Gilgamesh Inquiries for Analysis #1-6 1. What was the Mesopotamian perspective on existence in the wake of death? 2. What is the message of Siduri’s guidance to Gilgamesh? 3. Consider Utnapishtim’s beginning reaction to Gilgamesh’s demand for the mystery of interminable life. How does his message supplement what Siduri has said? 4. Think about the account of Utnapishtim. What do the different activities of the divine beings and goddesses permit us to induce about how the Mesopotamians saw their gods? 5. As per the epic, what are the individual jobs of the divine beings and people? What do the Mesopotamian gods expect of humankind? What do people expect of their divine beings? 6. What knowledge has Gilgamesh picked up from his epic battles? How has he changed as aftereffect of his mission? 1.     The Mesopotamians saw existence in the wake of death as a position of obscurity where there was no arrival when entered. It was governed by the Queen of the Underworld, Ereshkigal, who was joined by her recorder, Belit-Sheri. From perusing the sonnet, it was thought of as a noble spot where the dead meandered and little else existed. The individuals who were lords and consecrated clerics were presently hirelings for the divine beings. It’s certainly depicted as a spot one wouldn’t anticipate, and that’s the difficulty that Gilgamesh ponders. 2.     Siduri’s message to Gilgamesh is to appreciate the existence he was given and the existence he held. His days on Earth ought to be spent eating, being joyful, and deal with his youngster. Basically, the principle thought is that eventually the life of man arrives at end and it’s in god’s hands. 3.     Utnapishtim supplements Siduri’s message by giving analogies with respect to the way that demise is sudden. Nothing is perpetual or sure aside from death. You could construct a house that’s accepted to stand everlastingly, however is it truly evident? Does an understanding hold forever? These are the models Utnapishtim gives. While demise is sure, the time it happens isn't known by man. 4.     About religion by and large, at whatever point man challenges god, his reality, or his activities, it’s viewed as a demonstration of disobedience and they are to confront discipline. With this in my psyche, we can derive that at a time where man was growing in Mesopotamia, the faith in the divine beings and goddesses was declining. Along these lines, the discipline from the goaded divine beings was to dispense with them all. 5.     Mesopotamian divinities expected mankind to love and applause them. Fundamentally, they were to be their hirelings.

An Overview of Lexapro for Mental Health Conditions

An Overview of Lexapro for Mental Health Conditions January 09, 2020 More in Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Social Skills Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Work and School Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Uses Mechanism Efficacy Dosage Side Effects Precautions Discontinuation Lexapro is the trademark name for the generic drug escitalopram, which is a type of antidepressant medication. It belongs to a group of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) that were first introduced in the 1980s. These medications are generally effective and have fewer side effects than some other antidepressants such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).?? Verywell / JR Bee Use of Lexapro Lexapro was initially used only to treat depression. However, research began to show that it was also effective for other mood disorders as well as anxiety disorders. While it is currently only approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), it is prescribed for many other conditions. Doctors sometimes prescribe Lexapro off-label for illnesses such as bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), migraines, and chronic pain.?? How It Works It is not known exactly how Lexapro works to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, we know that this medication has an effect on serotonin, which is a brain neurotransmitter involved in mood, sleep, and other bodily functions. It is thought that by taking Lexapro, serotonin levels in your brain become more balanced, which helps to reduce anxiety and enhance your mood.?? Efficacy Lexapro is an allosteric serotonin reuptake inhibitor, which differentiates it from other SSRIs. There is some evidence that it is more effective than a range of other antidepressants. It is often the first choice because of its efficacy and tolerability.?? How to Take It Dosage You may take Lexapro as tablets or an oral solution once daily, in the morning or evening, with or without food. The usual recommended daily dosage of Lexapro is 10 mg, but your doctor may begin at a lower dose. The dosage can be increased slowly to 20 mg or higher if needed. Doses higher than 20 mg are not approved by the FDA. Staying within the recommended dose helps to reduce the risk of side effects or adverse reactions.?? If you are experiencing the first episode of depression or anxiety, you may take Lexapro for a defined period such as between six months and one year. However, for individuals experiencing a chronic mental health condition, it may be necessary to take Lexapro for an extended period over many years. Missed Doses Missed doses should be taken as soon as you remember unless it is very close to your next dose, in which case you should take your regular dose instead. Never take two or more doses of Lexapro together at the same time. Taking your medication as prescribed will ensure that you experience its full effectiveness.?? How Long It Takes to Work It can take anywhere from one to four weeks to feel better once you start taking Lexapro, and you may not experience the full benefits of the medication until youve been following a recommended treatment plan for several months.?? Its important to recognize that you will not experience immediate relief from taking Lexapro. Side Effects The most common side effects of taking Lexapro are listed below. As your body adjusts to taking the medication, you should gradually notice that the side effects go away.?? If you notice that side effects are getting worse or are interfering with your quality of life, talk to your doctor about your concerns. Side effects can be minimized by carefully following the dosage directions given by your doctor and reporting any negative effects. Sleep disturbancesNauseaHeadachesBlurred visionDry mouthDiarrheaStomach painConstipationHeartburnLightheaded and faintnessIrritability and nervousnessDizzinessChanges in weight and appetiteFatigueExcessive sweatingFlu-like symptomsSexual side effects?? Serious Side Effects/Allergic Reactions Seek immediate help if you experience any of the following unusual side effects of Lexapro: Difficulty breathing or swallowingSwelling of the face, mouth, or tongueFeverStiff musclesFast heartbeatVomitingSeizuresRashConfusionHallucinationsSuicidal thoughts or behaviors  ?? Precautions There are many precautions involved when taking Lexapro. You can reduce potential risks by becoming aware of who should not take this medication, potential medication interactions, and the black box warning. Who Should Not Take Lexapro You should not take Lexapro if youre hypersensitive to escitalopram oxalate, meaning that you have a known allergy to the medication and experience symptoms listed in the allergic reactions in the section above such as difficulty breathing or swelling of the face, mouth, or tongue.The effectiveness of Lexapro for use with children younger than 18 years of age has not been established and its not generally recommended for kids under the age of 12.Use Lexapro with caution if youre pregnant or breastfeeding as the medication can be passed to your child. Your doctor should discuss this with you if you are pregnant or nursing a child; if not, be sure to ask about potential risks.??Finally, the side effects of the medication can be more severe in older adults. In this case, your doctor should monitor your dose and adjust as necessary to reduce the severity of side effects.?? Medication Interactions Caution should be used when taking Lexapro along with other medications. To help avoid any possible drug interactions, let your doctor know about any other prescribed and over-the-counter medications you are currently taking. Aspirin, warfarin, medication for seizures, anxiety, depression, or migraines, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs  (NSAIDs) such as Motrin (ibuprofen) or Aleve (naproxen) can interact with Lexapro and should be used with caution. Lexapro should not be combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and only used with tryptophan, other SSRIs, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and St. Johns wort with significant caution and close monitoring due to the potential for serotonin syndrome.?? Alcohol Try to avoid drinking alcohol when you are taking Lexapro, as it can reduce the effectiveness of the medication and also may increase its toxicity. Black Box Warning According to a black box warning (the strictest  warning  for prescription drugs by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) related to a serious hazard), taking Lexapro can result in an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, particularly in children, adolescents, and young adults. Close monitoring by your psychiatrist or doctor is important particularly if you are an adolescent or young adult taking Lexapro. Stopping Lexapro You should only discontinue taking Lexapro under the guidance of your doctor at an appropriate time (such as when symptoms have been stable for a certain period of time). If you stop taking this medication all of a sudden, you may notice withdrawal symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, excessive nervousness, or flu-like symptoms. Instead, your doctor will help to taper you off the medication in a safe and gradual way so as to minimize any withdrawal effects.?? If Lexapro is not effective for you, your doctor will work to find another medication that may help, such as another SSRI or a different class of antidepressant medication. You may also find psychotherapy helpful if that has not already been implemented. A Word From Verywell This article is meant to provide an overview of the use of Lexapro for mental health conditions and does not cover every possible outcome of taking this medication. If you have been prescribed this medication by your doctor, be sure to follow the instructions carefully. If you have additional questions, these are best answered by a medical professional.

Communicating With Patients And Patients - 950 Words

Communicating with patients is part of the crucial role a nurse plays in the healthcare field. This is even more important when trying to communicate with patients who have dementia. It is important that all members of each patients healthcare team are aware of what is going on with their care plan so that when they forget, or get confused, their care plan is able to be explained to them in a consistent way. Shadowing on a complex continuing care unit that specializes in dementia care has been an informative and interesting way to learn how a nurse communicates with their patients. This is due to the fact that diagnosis’s, care plans, and other care concerns must be explained to patients multiple times. On all of my shadowing shifts, I have observed my nurse communicating with patients about their care plan. One instance occurred on my most recent seven to midnight shift, where a patient had doctors orders to have a waist belt restraint used when in bed for the night. This p atient has dementia and when the the belt was initially put on, he understood why the restraint was being applied, which was to keep him from harming himself by getting out of bed unassisted at night. As the night progressed though, he became confused as to why the restraint was on, and tried to get out of bed multiple times, setting off the bed alarm each time. My nurse, thought would go to his room each time and help him to understand why the restraint was on, having the outmost patience each time. MyShow MoreRelated Communicating with Pediatric Patients and Their Families Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesIn any healthcare setting the most important person is the patient, and in the case of pediatric patients their parents as well. If a healthcare provider is unable to communicate adequately the patients may be left feeling frustrated and angry. According to Levetown (2008) there are three important elements in building the relationship between a physician, parent, and child. Th ese consist of informativeness or the quality of health information provided, interpersonal sensitivity or the abilityRead MoreImportant Aspects of Communicating with End-of Life Patients and How Nurses Can Facilitate the Process823 Words   |  3 PagesAspects of Communicating with End-of Life Patients and How Nurses Can Facilitate the Process End of life decision-making is often a very difficult process and one that every person will eventually have to go through at some point in their lives. Although communicating about the advance directives is the typical route most health professionals use, it is not adequate in aiding families in the process of end of life decision-making. While nurses are in an ideal position to help patients and their familiesRead MoreEssay about Communication1499 Words   |  6 PagesThis assignment discusses barriers to, and methods of, effective communication with people who are confused by reflecting on my experience in communicating with an elderly confused patient. Specifically, and within the scope of this assignment, I reflect on two methods of effective communication with elderly confused patients; one verbal (reality orientation) and one non-verbal (touch). During my first placement I was asked to assist in the care of Elsie (pseudonym), an 86 year old lady admittedRead MoreBiography Of Pierre Elias s Insensible Losses : When The Medical Community Forgets The Family1203 Words   |  5 Pageswhen it comes to their patients, but â€Å"lack a systematic approach to communicating with families when a patient’s health deteriorates unexpectedly, requiring a change in care providers† (Elias 707). Pierre Elias is a medical student from Duke University. He is nearing the end of his clinical rotations when he is forced by his inner moral conscience to deliver difficult news to a patient’s family whom no other physician makes time for. Elias was assigned to care for a patient by the name of Steve.Read MoreNew Hr Strategy Makes Lloyd’s a â€Å"Best Company†1347 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween patients and nurses is very important for the successful outcome of personalized nursing care of every patient. This is because the quality of care provided by nurses is, in numerous ways, dependent on communication quality that is present between the nurse and the patient. However, in order to attain this, nurses must be able to understand and aid their patients while showing courtesy, sincerity, and kindness at the same time. Nurses must also dedicate their time to the patient to communicateRead MoreEssay about Week Three Assignment Hca 3201284 Words   |  6 Pagesmethod when communicating to other professionals, patients, patient families, and the general public. Different circumstances have very specific methods of communication that need to be utilized for communication to be effective. Furthermore, in t he health care field the regulations of HIPAA have to be considered to ensure that certain information is being protected as well as identity of people pertaining to the health scenarios. Further will be discussed the methods of communicating in the healthRead MoreUsing Emotional Intelligence to Communicate in a Health Care Setting1161 Words   |  5 Pagesassess how it is used by a healthcare worker when communicating with client and its relevance in such a setting. Defining what communication means in this context is also important to understanding how a healthcare worker uses emotional intelligence to establish effective discourse with a client. Communication is much more than just words and encompasses intrapersonal, interpersonal and observational skills which are critical when communicating with a client. With this in mind, it could be saidRead MoreThe Use Of Communication Boards For Non English Speaking Patients1196 Words   |  5 Pagesthe use of communication boards for non-English speaking patients, primarily Spanish and Russian speaking patients. Background Establishing effective communication with the patient is a critical factor in promoting patient quality care. Good communication is fundamental when providing safe and effective care at the beside in order to increase the quality of patient care. One of the many communicative barriers that exists between patients and the healthcare team are language barriers. Language barriersRead MoreJean Watsons Theory of Caring: The Importance of Interaction and Relationship between Nurse and Patient973 Words   |  4 Pagespeople to be cared for and focus on human-to-human care transaction between the caregiver and patient. Moreover, Watson believes that the nurse and client are to be actively involved in caring and healing. Generally, Watsons theory of caring mainly focuses on the importance on the interaction and relationship between nurse and patient during the treatment and healing process. Communicating Caring to Patients: Nursing and caring are two concepts that are considered synonymously since many people enterRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Communication For Different Social Groups And Use Specific Interpersonal Strategy1329 Words   |  6 Pagesidentifies how nurses can enhance their communication skills to prevent potential communication barriers between a nurse and patient thus resolving problems or conflicts with effective problem-solving strategies (Davis, 2009). Nurses are extremely human-oriented occupations. The responsibility for nurse, unlike doctors who concentrate more on operations, are to take care of patients and respond to their needs and requirements, prevent detriments and restore them to previous health conditions. The nature

Macbeth as a Tragic Hero - 846 Words

The tragic hero has been a major storytelling tool in recent years that makes the audience relate to, respect, and feel sympathy for a character which is undone by the end of the story. But can this title be given to Macbeth, the titular hero of the Shakespeare play by the same name? Yes, absolutely- Shakespeare’s Macbeth follows this plot path in numerous ways. Throughout the play, we are introduced to Macbeth’s belovedness, the crushing of said established belovedness, and his own undoing. Initially, Macbeth is introduced to the play as a noble war hero with endless talent as a tactician, a truly admirable character. In an early scene of the play, the sergeant speaks very highly of Macbeth despite not knowing him very well personally. Dying from a fatal wound and explaining what happened, he says â€Å"For brave Macbeth (well he deserves that name)/†¦ fix’d [the enemy’s] head on our battlements!† (I.ii.15-23). This shows Macbeth has a strong following filled with admirers despite the fact many have probably not even met him. Demonstrating morality, innocence, and a lack of malicious intent, upon hearing the prophecy for the first time from the three witches, Macbeth questions it at first. Speaking aside to Banquo, Macbeth says â€Å"This supernatural soliciting/Cannot be ill; cannot be good: if ill/Why hath it given me earnest of success.../If good, why do I yield to that suggestion/Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair† (I.iii.130-135 ). By questioning the witches’ prophecyShow MoreRelatedMacbeth as a Tragic Hero985 Words   |  4 Pages In William shakespeare’s Macbeth,Macbeth is a classic example of a tragic hero in shakesperean work.Macbeth display the major characteristics of a tragic hero throughout the play until his tragic end.The play potrays Macbeth as a lost cause by showing how he fell from being a honest and just man who fought for whats right, to a cruel,superstitious,ambicious dictator.In william shakespreares Macbeth,Macbeth is a tragic hero because he compromises his honor and negates his moral values in orderRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero1139 Words   |  5 PagesThe Macbeth character in Macbeth by William Shakespeare can be played many ways.  Macbeth s relationship with other characters in the play and Aristotle s theory of a tragedy are ways in which Macbeth is shown as a tragic hero I am going to explain to you how Macbeth is a true tragic hero. At the very beginning of the play,  Macbeth  and Banquo are returning to Scotland from a fierce battle between the Norwegians and the Scottish. They have just won the war for Duncan.   This shows a noble virtueRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero1513 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth as a Tragic Hero William Shakespeare s plays have the reputation of being among the greatest in the English language and in Western literature. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the finestRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero1453 Words   |  6 Pagespresents Macbeth as a tragic hero? The 17th century play, ‘Macbeth’ by William Shakespeare, was written during a time when James the first became the first king of both Scotland and England. The characters in the play are also based upon his descendants. The play itself focuses on the character of Macbeth who is manipulated into committing regicide by 3 witches. As the play progresses, both him and his wife begin to lose all sense of morality, resulting with both of their deaths in the end. Macbeth isRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero893 Words   |  4 PagesSeidewand Andreacchi February 13th 2017 ENG2D1-02 Macbeth as a Tragic Hero A tragic hero can be described as a character obtaining heroic qualities that is, at the same time, destined for their own downfall. Unfortunately, Macbeth is an example of a character that has this title. In Shakespeare’s time during the writing of the play was the reign of King James of England, and the play ‘Macbeth’ reflects on Shakespeare’s own relationship with this king. Someone of greatRead MoreMacbeth - a Tragic Hero2214 Words   |  9 PagesShakespeares play Macbeth, written in the 1600s is a perfect example of Shakespeares ability to manipulate his audience through creating a tragic hero. A tragic hero who, because of a flaw, tumbles from a well-respected hero to a cowardless murderer. It is through Shakespeares manipulation of figurative language, dramatic conventions and social expectations of the seventeenth century, do the audience witness the demise of this mixed up man. Macbeths persona of the tragic hero is enhanced evenRead Mor eMacbeth As A Tragic Hero1685 Words   |  7 Pagesprotagonist who appears to be a â€Å"tragic hero† in the overall play. In other words, this character is one who has made an error in his judgement, providing that this error eventually leads to their own ruin or destruction. Within Macbeth, Macbeth the character is regarded as a tragic hero, but with the distinct and evident explanation of his evil and the succession of his acts of violence, it may not be as clear cut as to whether he is a tragic hero or not. Though Macbeth does commit an error that leadsRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero2154 Words   |  9 Pages Karen H. Macbeth Show how Macbeth is seen as a tragic hero â€Å"The catastrophe of the tragic hero thus becomes the catastrophe of the fifth-century man; all his furious energy and intellectual daring drive him on to this terrible discovery of his fundamental ignorance - he is not the measure of all commodity but the commodity measured and found wanting.† The words ‘tragic hero’ has undergone a deceptive and detrimental process, it goes from a favorable connotationRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero2015 Words   |  9 PagesMacbeth Show how Macbeth is seen as a tragic hero â€Å"One of the most tragic things I know about human nature is that all of us tend to put off living. We are all dreaming of some magical rose garden over the horizon-instead of enjoying the roses that are blooming outside our windows today.† The words ‘tragic hero’ has undergone a deceptive and detrimental process, it goes from a favorable connotation to a repulsive connotation. A tragic hero makes â€Å"judgment errors† that are inescapable and it ultimatelyRead MoreMacbeth is a Tragic Hero995 Words   |  4 Pages Macbeth was a true tragic hero. He had many noble qualities as well as several tragic flaws. He was a courageous, brave and good nobleman who was haunted by superstition, moral cowardice and an overwhelming ambition.(Boyce) Macbeth’s ambition to be king starts off as just a desire and progressively as the play goes on it becomes his tragic flaws. Lady Macbeth convinces her husband to murder king Duncan by putting his manhood and courage at stake. Macbeth is represented as a tolerably good man up

About Employment Free Essays

Although the attraction for foreign employment is increasing everyday, employment is not safe, secured and managed well. Skilled and trained manpower appropriate to the nature and requirement of foreign demand are not available. So, people are going to foreign countries as unskilled or semi-skilled work force. We will write a custom essay sample on About Employment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because of this, foreign countries are getting on one hand cheap labor and on the other Nepalese working abroad are not getting rights and honorable jobs. This has compelled Nepalese people to sell their labour at a throw away price whereas they have to invest a lot of money. Foreign Employment Act 2064 has clearly made a legal provision for sending Nepalese for foreign employment. But, this act is not correctly implemented. Various foreign employment services are in operation without government permission. Brokers are taking advantage of the simple and innocent people and cheating them badly. It is a pity that even those who have gone through resistered agencies and also having required skill, training and knowledge are not getting good jobs and salary. Not only this, there are many instances when such labour forces have returned prematurely not having required qualifications, ability, skills and knowledge suitable for these jobs offered. This is indeed a big and serious challenge. There is a need of legal, technical and professional training for these people so that they can meet the challenges and can take benefit of the advantages of the opportunities available in the market. Technically trained, skilled and competent people can compete with others and secure right jobs, which fetch them good salary. There is also need of providing them accidental and life insurance to make their life more secured. The demand for Nepalese workers is increasing greatly. The Three Year Interim Plan has provision to have labour contract with those countries where there are a large number of Nepalese working. This indicates that the opportunities for employment are increasing day by day. According to the government reports, more than one billion rupees remittances are earned every year from foreign employment. This has largely contributed to national economy. Many factories and industries are established from such money which helps in generating local employment and revenues. However, continuous fleeing of trained and skilled human power would adversely affect in their own economic development. They should gradually bring down the number of out going labour force. The country’s development is own development. It is a fact that one gets due respect only when his own country is developed. Those Nepalese working in other countries as Bahadur and Kanchhas are giving their sweat and blood for the development of other countries. Whereas it is sad to say that Nepal remains always poor, underdeveloped and backward. For this, they (Nepalese) have to get appropriate training, knowledge, skills and contribute to their own economic development. We should love our own country and foster patriotic feeling among us. On this lies our over all welfare and well being How to cite About Employment, Essay examples

Gun Control Overview Essay Example For Students

Gun Control: Overview Essay Gun Control: OverviewThe issue of gun control has been debated for a long time, probably eversince they were invented. The gun is a small, rather easy to obtain, weapon thatis lethal if used in the right (or wrong) way. This makes the gun an extremelydangerous factor in our lives. If used improperly, a gun could be lethal to notonly the target, but the user as well. The availability of guns has sky rocketedin the past decade or so, and the immense population of guns in our society makeit a dangerous place to live. Gun violence claims approximately 38,000 lives inthe U.S. each year, including 5,000 children and teenagers.(1) In the past fewyears, many steps have been taken to help reduce the risk of fatal accidents orintentions. One of these steps was the ban of assault weapons. Two years ago, congress passed a landmark bill, banning the sale,manufacture and, importation of semi-automatic assault weapons and largecapacity ammunition clips. Due to this ban, the number of crimes traced toassault weapons has decreased almost 20% from 1994.(2) This ban was repealed bythe House of Representatives. On march 22, 1996 another big legislation in thefight against guns was the Brady bill, which demands a 5 day waiting period forall handgun purchases. These legislations are some what effective and indifferent ways. The only real way to eliminate most gun violence is to eliminatethe availability of guns. Surely making guns illegal would do this but thisraises a very important issue. If you outlaw guns, only the outlaws will have guns. Simply put, nomatter how many bans you put out, there will always be the black market tosupport the criminals in the U.S. Needless to say the law abiding citizens ofour country would be defenseless. The NRA has made sure that this will neverhappen. What the United States needs is some one to pass a bill that willprotect all our citizens. Some men and women in Washington think they are thatsome one. Some think that there should be more availability of guns. Lets seewhat they both think. Two years ago, as I mentioned, Congress passed a ban on the sale,manufacture, and importation of all semi-automatic assault weapons. Soon afterthe 104th Congress resumed power, The House of Representatives repealed the banas a pay back to the National Rifle Association (NRA) who had funded thousandsof dollars to Congressional candidates through their Political Action Committee(PAC). According to the Center for Responsive Politics, the NRA has spent over$3 million in 1993 and 1994 alone on campaign commercials. The NRA is one of themajor organizations and the biggest in the fight for pro-gun ownership. According to polls, 65% of Americans say they would be more likely to vote for aCongressman who would not vote to repeal this. 18% said they would vote for someone who would repeal this ban and 15% said it would not effect their vote. It isimportant for Americans to know how their Congressmen stand on the issue.(3)In 1981, the current president Ronald Reagan and his assistant, JamesBrady, were both shot in an assignation attempt on Reagan. Brady was paralyzedand has been ever since. The man who shot them had bought his gun no longer thana day or two before the shooting. On March of 94 a bill, quite appropriately named The Brady Bill waspassed demanding a mandatory waiting period on all hand gun purchases. Theperiod is used to do background checks on the customer. Each state has the rightto regulate restrictions as to what on this background check would prevent acustomer from purchasing a gun. In Massachusetts, the restrictions are asfollows:The person must be over the age of 18. The person must be a United States CitizenThe person must never have been convicted of felonyThe person must never have been convicted of a drug charge, even a misdemeanor. The person must not have any reported mental illnesses. In other states these laws are different but, they are very similar. This bill was signed by President Bill Clinton. Although this is a federal billa problem arises with states not willing to accept this bill for some reason areusing the 10th amendment to ignore the Brady Bill. The 10th amendment gives thepowers, not given or prohibited by the constitution, to the states. It is a slimchance, if any, but some lawyers in these states are fighting the Brady Bill. Another restriction on the purchase and owner ship of guns is amandatory permit or License to carry firearms. These permits are issued by acitizens local police department and must be presented when buying a firearm. These must also be shown when a police officer request a gun owner to displayhis/her license. If you do not have a permit and carry a gun it is a mandatorysentence of one year. Politicians feel this bill will help prevent people from getting madwith some one and going out, buying a gun and killing them the next day. Thisalso reduces the convicted criminals sources to the black market. Recently,there was a suggestion for a increase of 100,000 police officers. This is stillbeing decided but it certainly couldnt hurt. What does the future hold for guncontrol? It all depends on who we vote for. The Ramayana Family Role EssayResearchers have proven also that areas of the country that have high guncontrol, have lower crime rates. If no one has a gun, you need not protectyourself with one, true? Toledo used to be the highest gun populated gun city inAmerica, they passed a gun control law and successfully dropped the crime rate22%.(6)Countries with gun control as liberal as the United States are hard tocome by. This may contribute to the nearly 85 times more gun deaths per yearthan England, who have a strict gun law. Japan has the lowest murder rate of all. Standing at a low, .02 percent per 100,000 people Japan is a country to learnfrom. In 1972, Japan suffered a astoundingly low 28 gun deaths. The U.S. on theother hand incurred 10,017 deaths. Japan has completely outlawed the possessionof hand guns for civilians. This may not be as bad of an idea as I though. Although Japan holds the idolized lowest rate, they are closer to the rate ofother countries than the U.S. They, in fact, are not at the extreme end of thespectrum the U.S. is. England, France, and the Netherlands are all examples ofmajor countries with low murder rates. They all have one this in common, theyrequire citizens to register all guns. Point being, if you wont protection,protect yourself by keeping guns out of the house.(7)My practical thoughts on gun control in the U.S. are this, one can notfollow the Second amendment literally and give the country complete freedom tobear arms or, completely take away a citizens right to protection. Because notall citizens are fit to own a gun and, not all guns are fit to be owned bycommon citizens. My thoughts one the matter lie in the middle, most near theideas of the Canadian system of gun control. I think that a mandatory waiting period for the purchase of a gun is anextremely good idea in that it will not allow minors, criminals, drug users, ormentally ill people to buy guns. A permit is good idea so that police may checkto see if a gun owner is legally certified. Since protection and hobby are themain (and should be the only) reason for a civilian to buy a gun, guns that aremade for killing, for example all assault weapons, should be banned. There issimply no need for them. This would put only protective guns into the hands oflaw abiding citizens. Now what about criminals. They get guns by making them, buying importsor lets not forget stealing them. First off, In my opinion it should be illegalto import guns or gun related material to anyone accept the U.S. government. Theblack market would surly suffer. For those who make guns, there should be arestricted supply of materials to make guns. This supply should be governmentregulated. All firearms should be registered by make, model, and serial number,and police should be able to run checks on this mass catalog of guns and owners. While I am on the topic of police, the number of police should be increased tohelp increase the number of confiscated guns. Not much in my opinion can be doabout stolen guns. If a criminal takes a gun from a citizen who should have agun, there is no way any bill or law can stop him. Since it is obviously alreadyillegal. The only way to stop that is more police. Simply put, an intense amount of regulation should be put on guns. Itslike having a fire. If you keep it in your fire place, know exactly were it is,and control it, it will heat your house and cause no danger. If you randomlyspread fire everywhere forgetting where you placed it, lighting it where itdoesnt belong, you then have a problem and you may get hurt. Well, the fire isspreading fast and people are burning everywhere. The government has no ideawhere the guns in this country are or where the next piece ,of what once was ourhome, will burst into flames. If we dont act quick, this country will burn tothe ground. We need a giant fire extinguisher and a responsible person operatingit. We have to put the fire back in its place. My person al views on gun control are a bit different. Ideally I wouldbecome the Japanese as far as gun control and outlaw guns for private citizens. I think that if your want protection, get a security alarm. 1 out of every 4burglaries occur when the home owner is not even home, and in no danger. Atoddler looking around in her daddys bedroom however should not have to be. Ifyou want a gun for leisure or hunting that is a different situation but take myword for it, getting a gun for protection is a false sense of security.

Jack Davis No Sugar Analysis Essay Example

Jack Davis No Sugar Analysis Essay NO SUGAR (JACK DAVIS) Jack Davis’ â€Å"No Sugar†, written in 1985, is a play that highlights Australian racism and cultural destruction caused by British colonialism. It is set in 1929 (Great Depression) in Northam, Western Australia. The play explores the impacts of the European social and political philosophy of the early 20th century on Aboriginal society. The focal points of this play are the superiority of white people, racism, and the bond between Aboriginal families. These themes highlight Australian culture, and have shaped it into its many different forms for all Australian’s today. Jack Davis has used dialogue between the characters in this extract to privilege a postcolonial reading of the text. Davis uses dialogue in order to construct a world in which the aboriginal people can be identified to the audience as an ill-treated, oppressed race. Davis uses dialogue to represent how the colonized react to the social situations in which they were subjugated to, on a regular basis in the early times of colonization. â€Å"CISSIE: Aw mum, Old Tony the ding always sells us little shriveled ones and them wetjala kids big fat one. Through this dialogue the audience identifies that society at the time did not allow the colonized to be classed as the same standard as the colonizer. Davis lends this text to a postcolonial reading through the use of characterization. The use of characterization in the play reinforces the idea that the characters amplify a sort of submission to English culture displays to the audience the effect of colonization. Although the characters reta in many of their aboriginal attributes, such as living off the land â€Å"Come on, let’s get these rabbits. They have allowed themselves and their culture to be colonized by accepting many of the British attributes such as playing cricket â€Å"DAVID and CISSIE play cricket with a home-made bat and ball. † The aboriginal people have allowed themselves to colonized acquiring British aspects, which coincide with their aboriginal heritage. Through this extract the characters also begin to read the paper, the combination of the children playing cricket and the elder reading the paper appears from an outside point perspective a very British activity. Looking at the context, which surrounds the writing of the play, can also support a postcolonial reading. We will write a custom essay sample on Jack Davis No Sugar Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jack Davis No Sugar Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jack Davis No Sugar Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another device used by Davis is stage directions principally used to invoke or create a rising dramatic tension, an example of this is â€Å"He nicks his finger with the axe and watches the blood drip to the ground. † This is symbolic of the Aboriginals manifesting frustration; they are inflicting pain on themselves because they know it isn’t possible to inflict pain on their conquerors. Jimmy’s character represents the rebellion of any marginalized race; he pushes the boundaries as far as he can. The fact that Aboriginals are â€Å"dancing† for the white Australians shows their power. This dancing is a form of service provided by the Aboriginals, they are expressing their culture but to the people who have destroyed it. It could almost be read as a child trying to get an adults attention by jumping around and holding out what they want. To Jimmy these dancing Aboriginals are jumping around and showing the White Australians that they want their culture back. This reach out to white settlers shows how much more dominate they are and their culture is. Through the use of dramatic conventions Jack Davis’ play No Sugar can be read as a postcolonial criticism. It presents a number of issues with colonization and the particular effects it had on the Australian Aboriginal people. First performed in 1985, the play deals with the struggles of the aboriginal people and oppression in which they endured by white Australian society. The play was set in 1929, a time when aboriginal people were not yet accepted as equals in society. The main ideas presented in the play are shown through the dialogue, characters and context. This extract uses techniques to set the basis for the idea’s that will be expressed throughout the entire play.

Moral and Gener in Antigone essays

Moral and Gener in Antigone essays As the course Athens to New York begins, four questions are drilled into our heads as the foundations of the course. These questions might as well be Greek to us, for many college freshmen have never been asked these questions before, not to mention required to take a course that is focused mainly on these questions. The questions force us to look deep within ourselves, to investigate what our beliefs and morals consist of and how they originated. The questions in relation to the readings also force us to compare our beliefs and morals to those of other civilizations. Two of these questions have a strong meaning in the book Antigone by Sophocles. These questions are how do individuals and communities respond to differences in race, class, gender and ethnicity and what does it mean to be moral, ethical or just. Not only do these questions pertain strongly to the book, but todays society can strongly relate to these questions and the impact they have in the book as well. In ancient Greece, women were inferior to men, for they were expected to stay home all the time and keep the house. In fact, the only women who were ever outside of their house were usually courtesans or hereartas. The families of ancient Greece were very strong, for the poleis consisted of many extended families. Gender issues are very apparent in Antigone, and these issues lead to why Antigone breaks Creons man-made laws and followed the divine laws that Antigone felt was moral and just. The gender problems in ancient Greek society and Antigones refusal to follow the man-made laws of the land are important aspects of the play, for the gender and class problems in her society were the reasons that she did what she felt was moral, ethical, and just and therefore lead to her death for the honor of being able to bury her brother. One of the questions for the course Athens to New York is how do individuals and communities re...

Behavioral Interviewing and Interrogation Techniques Essay

Behavioral Interviewing and Interrogation Techniques - Essay Example While he was standing in line, my cousin’s wife decided to go around the mall and just meet him somewhere after he was done. Around fifteen minutes after his wife left, my cousin left the bank. He called her on her cellular phone but there was no answer. So, he went to the usual shop he knew she liked. Five minutes later, his phone went off and it was his wife calling from the bank. He tells her to wait for him there. When they meet, he finds out that she had been on her way back to the bank, located on the first level, right after he had gone to the second level to look for her. They tried a newly-opened Italian restaurant for lunch. He got a medium-sized pizza for himself and she had an order of spaghetti. After eating, they headed to the supermarket to buy what they needed for the week. When they were done at the supermarket, they decided to head home so my cousin’s wife could take a nap. On the way home in the car, my cousin’s wife fell asleep and didn’t wake up until they got home. Since she was able to sleep a bit in the car, my cousin’s wife announced that she was making dinner early so she and my cousin could watch a movie at home before going to sleep. My cousin agreed. I think that the structural technique was better in this situation because I did not really want to know anything in particular. In the beginning, I used the traditional technique and asked the WH-questions. (Gosselin, 2007, p. 4-5) This is why I was able to know the date and time of some events. However, unless I asked something, my cousin would not give me additional information. Later on, I switched to the structural technique. This proved to be a lot better. I was still about to get information from my cousin. Moreover, he sensed that I was urging him to continue after his replies so he continued telling me his story. I mostly nodded to show him I understood what he was saying. I also asked follow-up questions which encouraged him to talk more. Since he was very

Construction development in China Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Construction development in China - Lab Report Example ith luxurious boutiques that appear to be housed in a traditional lane house is a re-imagination of Shanghai’s old streetscape and customer experience. It reminisces and elicits nostalgia in the historical preservation. Ever growing labyrinth of skyscrapers is the new face of Shanghai. The skyscrapers stretch further than the eye can see from an observation deck in Pudong, a relatively rural district from across the river from Shanghai’s original settlement. The area was just a farmland twenty years back. It has now experienced a viral growth of skyscrapers and symbolizes the urban future of China. Architectural development in Shanghai is so fast that it is estimated that five more satellite towns will be set up from scratch to house the growing population of the city. Pudong is part of the strategic places for development to support humanity in Shanghai. Close to 18 million people live in the greater Shanghai. The figure is expected to inflate by more than one third by the year 2020. The construction of the satellite towns is urgent. Experts are more impatient that policy implementers and they have the urge to build an entire town from scratch in two or three years. Shanghai is re-inventing itself as an urban megalopolis. Shanghai is a city with a long history. In the long-term development, it has formed its own unique city scene and varied cultures and arts. Up to now, a lot of cultural relics beginning in the Tang (618-917) and Song (960-1279) Dynasties, many museums and contemporary memorial halls are well preserved. There are a lot of tourist centers in urban districts and suburbs of Shanghai, which form many tourist areas, tourist lines and special-interest tourist items. (Shanghai National Information, 2013). Throughout the past century, Shanghai has had numerous name tags attached to it; like "Paris of the Orient" and "Pearl of China". Images of Shanghai more than any other Chinese city, are bountiful in the west. A visit here therefore, is naturally

The Impact of School-Based Health Promotion

The Impact of School-Based Health Promotion Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine effectiveness and influence of Public health campaigns and health information centers in schools. The impact of the public health promotion in schools required an in depth research in which the aim was to investigate how the public health promotion can affect the lifestyle of children which is a life saving factor and due to which many fatal diseases can be avoided. It started by discussing the background of the topic and then goes onto answer specific research questions. The research methodologies will be used and includes a dedicated portion of findings and analysis. The study will be concluded by providing recommendations and devising solutions to problems. The public health care promotion includes various campaigns with the co-operation of WHO. This research study has concentrated on the most broad diseases particularly basic amongst youths, the schools, are the place such infections are the destined to take an ascent. The adjustments in the medicinal services advancement every now and then will be examined in subtle element. In the last part of the paper, the most convenient methods of public health campaigns will be discussed along with its benefits and its concussion on children’s health. INTRODUCTION This chapter will be presenting an overview of the research project. Specifically, the problem statement will be discusse, the background of the research along with the significance of the study. Furthermore, the research aims and objectives and research questions will also be identified in this very chapter. The primary target of this examination will be on discovering the effect of the general wellbeing advancement in schools among kids; therefore, the problem statement of this study revolves around †The Impact of the school-based Health Promotion on children’s lifestyle† Background The health promotion and security of children is necessary for the glorious fate of the country. The betterment of the young children is a complex endeavor. It obliges the joined endeavors of the establishments alongside the societal segments. The inclusion of parents, family, schools, media, government organizations, human services experts, postsecondary foundations and the youths themselves is very important. They are responsible to give the support by means of environment and open doors for the better development of the children. The adolescence is the period of life in which the social, mental and the physical changes happen from early age to the middle age. The youths are the significant bit of the UK populace. They are experiencing numerous muddled circumstances. The prosperity of young people speaks to the great soundness of the entire populace. Consequently, it is essential for the parents, educators and social insurance experts to grasp the hugeness of pre-adult wellbeing. T here are a few components that require the direction keeping in mind the end goal to mitigate from the lives of youths. These conditions incorporate smoking, substance ill-use, self-destructive endeavors and pregnancy in the high school. Teenagers need the support of the family, teachers and health awareness suppliers in regards to every issue. Peoples way of life and lifestyle has been going through continuous changes, for instance, the life expectancy even in the UK at birth in 1891 was 44-48yrs and 74-80 by 1996 (ONS, 1996). This reflects the blend of a mixed variety of veridical and coordinated essential human services including general health and health promotion. It is fascinating to realize that way of life difficulties – smoking, liquor, high school or eating regimen have been always appraised as most responsible to make individuals health disintegrate basically in heart disease and cancer (Ashton and Seymour, 1993). It is therefore vital to address health promotion and general health mediations identified with changing individual ways of life and behavioral change towards health. Goddard (1995) note that smoking amongst kids (11-15) have been consistently raised i.e from 8% (in 1988) to 12% (in 1994). Since 1986s international union of Child’s health, the idea of health promotion has been set up to ch ange people groups social insurance behavior and practice. As MacBride (2003) says that health promotion alludes to the co-ordinated cooperation of staff and authoritative interests in the boosting of educational, advisory and policy advances relevant to health maintenance and improvement in quality of life (p.3) – in other sense this is basically an endeavors catching both parts of health policy and educational interests. In this context, Katz, D. L., O’Connell (2005) contends that anticipation through instruction, instead of relief, was the most beneficent and efficient course (p.54) From the global point of view, it is imperative to highlight the importance of health promotion report of Lalonde of 1974 ie A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians – this has been considered as a first time the government condemning biomedical medicinal services system, appears to be unseemly to promote individuals health and forestall ailments or disease as he proposes social insurance intercessions ought to be coordinated instead of veridical methodology. He recommends that weakness could be tested by coordinating four components human science; nature; way of life; and the association of health awareness ought to be set up to get enduring change people groups medicinal services learning and practice (Bunton and Macdonald 1982). Since the Alma-Ata statement in 1978 and development of Ottawa Charcher in 1986 and HFA by the year 2000 (WHO, 1985), numerous health advancement activities have been occurred over the world – mainly focused on societal structures (Naidoo and Wills, 1994). In the meantime, a few reports highlight the part of people’s responsibilities and practices for making healthy (DHSS, 1976 ; SHHD, 1977). It is thus critical to perceive – promoting healthy way of life through changing environment variables (Lalonde, 1974), centering public health mediation –more on societal model as opposed to institutional-based social insurance model (McKeown, 1971; Naidoo and Wills, 1994) through support and preparation of individuals at diverse levels or divisions (Ottawa Charter, 1986). The essential argument here is numerous health issues including sicknesses would be overseen or averted if the public assume more greater liability for controlling their own particular healthy ways of life (Department of Health, 1987). School health promotion has been utilized as a global health promotion system as it is inarguably the most supportive platform fot the intiation of children’s healthcare. WHO reports (2014) that 1:2 youngsters are dying of tobacco related diseases, 5% of all fatalities between the ages of 15 and 29 are owing to liquor use, and > 60% of all new HIV infections happened inside of the same age-groups. Furthermore, The social overview of England 2009 reported that youngsters matured 11 to 15 are more inclined to smoke, try liquor or take drugs. WHO (2014) in this way contends that compelling school health promotion would not just be taken as savvy interests in any countries but also enhance education and health of children and their guardians by avoiding the main causes of premature death, disease and other disorders (cardiovascular ailment, tumor, long-term lung diseases, depression, violence, substance ill-use, wounds, malnutritiion, HIV/AIDS/STI and helminth infections). The health reforms are a chance to enhance the procurement of excellent health support for school-age kids yet there is restricted or disperse evidence of school-based health advancement with respect to children’s ways of life. This study along these lines intends to figure out to what degree the school-based health promotion affect in light of youngsters way of life mostly on teenage pregnancy, smoking and alcohol use under the systematic review. Governmental issues and political approaches assume an important part in advancing health and medical professionals have significant influence in the promotion of health. They are seen as agents who identify and advise the students or children for their health benefits. The past records show that absence of information and aptitudes in the territories of general health promotion, variability in general health, no emphasis on populace and no coordinated effort between associations are major factors responsible for ignorance. This can be improved further by understanding the behavior of the related population, as well as their standards and societies and the predominant financial conditions. However, The key points covered in this research and that are the most common problems among youngsters are: †¢Alcohol utilization. †¢Dietary practices. †¢Drug abuse. †¢Hygiene. †¢Depression. †¢Physical action. †¢Teenage pregnancy. †¢Sexual practices. †¢Tobacco utilization. †¢Violence. Health promotion address both essential and auxiliary reasons for a health awareness issue. These battles are significant for the awareness in the overall population and minimizing the spread of issues. At whatever point a social insurance crisis emerges, medicinal services suppliers are in charge of beginning mediations. After the beginning intervention, the health awareness expert assesses the emergency and presents his or her thought to confine such emergency later on. Health promotion models chip away at recognizable proof, history, consequences of a human services issue and have an objective result for the crusade. The UK government has dispatched various health promotion for current health issues. Some of these advancements are for smoke cessation, cancer, child obesity, substance abuse and drinking issues. Case in point, the legislature has reacted to the countrys more than once reported drug issue with a methodology on Decreasing substance abuse among youngsters (Becker, AE, Roberts AL, 2010). The policy highlights the problem by giving statistics of substance abuse related hospital admissions and deaths amongst youngsters. The policy aims to build awareness on harmful impacts of drug abuse on families’ lives, and ultimately compel them to overcome their bad habit. Purpose of the Study This research seeks to look into the general health in school going kids, ranging from 11-15. The significance of this study is to identify the impact of school-based health promSotion in children and the factors that can improve their health and wellbeing through campaigns and other promotions. It seeks to answer whether the public health promotion has created a concussion on the school going children and an insight on what ways the children have been affected. This research work will actually help to investigate the dynamics of public health promotion which is supported by several references and guided by the World Health Organization (WHO). Research Aims Objectives The aims and objectives of any research work facilitate the researcher in finding the most relevant and accurate information and eventually drawing out the conclusion. However, the main aim of this study was to assess the impact of the School-based Health Promotion in children Following are the objectives of this study: To investigate the dynamics of School-based health promotion. To examine the impact of School-based health promotion. To gain an insight into the importance of health promotion especially among adolescents, lack of research in this area and the rate with which the diseases are spreading. To summarize findings and make recommendations. Research Questions The research questions of the study basically narrow down the research and help the researcher to achieve the aims and objectives of the research work. Hence, following are the research questions of this study: How the schools and other institutes are bringing improvement in the promotion of the health campaigns and raising awareness amongst school going children, evaluate under the light of WHO and International health standards? The benefits of raising school-based public health awareness and spaces of improvement in this domain? Evaluate the present statistics and compare with the previous statistics of public health awarensess and present new ideas for campaigns that can help eradicate the most common diseases amongst youngsters? Clarify the role of local government and how can the government help raise the awareness? References Becker, AE, Roberts AL, Perloe AB, Asenaca R, Lauren K, Gilman SE, Striegel-Moore RH. Youth health-risk behavior assessment in Fiji: The reliability of Global School-based Student Health Survey content adapted for ethnic Fijian girls. Ethnicity Health 15(2): 181-197, 2010. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20234961. Duncan, C., Jones, K., Moon, G. (1996). Health-related behaviour in context: a multilevel modelling approach.Social Science Medicine,42(6), 817-830. Katz, D. L., O’Connell, M., Yeh, M. C., Nawaz, H., Njike, V., Anderson, L. M., Task Force on Community Preventive Services. (2005). Public health strategies for preventing and controlling overweight and obesity in school and worksite settings.MMWR Recomm Rep,54(2). Kickbusch, I. (2003). The contribution of the World Health Organization to a new public health and health promotion.American journal of public health,93(3), 383-388. Macdonald, G., Bunton, R. (1992). Discipline or disciplines?.Health promotion: Disciplines and diversity, 6. McBride, C. M., Emmons, K. M., Lipkus, I. M. (2003). Understanding the potential of teachable moments: the case of smoking cessation.Health education research,18(2), 156-170. Michell, L., Amos, A. (1997). Girls, pecking order and smoking.Social Science Medicine,44(12), 1861-1869. Naidoo, J., Wills, J. (2000).Health promotion: foundations for practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. St Leger, L. (2001). Schools, health literacy and public health: possibilities and challenges.Health promotion international,16(2), 197-205..

Human Sex Trafficking Essay

Close to 800,000 people globally are forcefully moved across their countries’ borders and sold off to be exploited for various purposes. Most of these are teenage boys and girls including small children as young as 7. Human sex trafficking has been recognized as one of the major catastrophes facing mankind and a great threat to the freedoms of millions worldwide. Though immense steps have been taken by the international community, it is yet to be put to rest. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has defined human trafficking as including the forceful transportation and harboring of individuals by use of threat or financial payments with an intention of exploiting such individuals. Exploitation in this sense includes â€Å"at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation. † (Cited in Sheldon, 2007, 107). Human sex trafficking includes the forceful initiation of people into prostitution or sex slavery. Children are forcefully recruited into prostitution or driven into early marriages. Human sex trafficking is believed to be a multibillion industry although its expansiveness cannot be fully grasped due to the lack of a clear methodology. Though the reigning perception is that it is a trade that mostly affects the developing countries only, this is untrue. According to the existing accounts, almost each and every country has its own elaborate but intricate system of human sex trafficking. Influx, most of the times, is from the poor countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa then to the developed nations such as the United States. Indeed, according to the U. S. State Department, there are â€Å"approximately 14,000 to 17,000 people trafficked into the united states annually. † (Amy & Stephanie, 2008, 532) In light of these worrisome trends and much pressure from human rights activists, international organizations as well as governments have all stepped up efforts to curb the menace. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has led the path in this war and a number of high flanking countries have joined these efforts. The United States, due to immense pressure form human rights activists and non-governmental organization, responded swiftly and at the close of the century began pushing other nations to adopt anti- human trafficking laws and policies. The passage of the Victims Protection Act of 2000 led to the establishment of a three tier system that ranks countries in regard to the perceived rates of human trafficking. International organizations such as Office of the Special Representative for Combating the Traffic of Human Beings has been hailed for the major steps it has taken in combating human trafficking in Europe. Indeed, in addition to the United States, EU has also spearheaded campaigns aimed at eradicating human trafficking both in its territory and overseas. In 2002, for example, EU reached an agreement to harmonize the â€Å"policies of the member states in areas such as criminalization, penalties, sanctions, aggravating circumstances, jurisdictions, and extradition. † (Kimberley, 2007, 46). These nations as well as other international organization have vowed to work together with the source countries to help them establish prudent mechanisms of curbing human trafficking. Indeed the issue of human sex trafficking continue to plague the world and mechanisms are still being put into place to alleviate the situation. It is a problem that threatens freedoms of millions worldwide be it in the developed countries which are the destination of the victims or the poverty stricken countries where women and children are sourced from. It is hence a problem that requires a multifaceted approach that has to incorporate all the regions if the situation is to be effectively curbed.

Life Span Perspectives Essay

There are many beginnings to the study of human development. The study of human developments is a science that strives to discern how people change over time (Berger, 2011). To do this, developmentalists study all types of people from different age groups, ethnicity, culture, background, nationality, income, and sexual orientation, among many other factors. To begin to understand this science, one must start by looking at what is being studied, some of the major theories that shape and guide these studies, and the interaction of heredity and the environment on human development (Berger, 2011). Developmentalists seek to tackle the challenge of defining humans in a way that simultaneously describes the universalities of humans as well as their differences. Because development is not limited, the person is the result of interactions among all the systems known as microsystems, macrosystems, and exosystems (Berger, 2011). Another aspect of development is that it encompasses the changes and uniformities of people. A visionary in the study of development was Urie Bronfenbrenner, who introduced an ecological-systems approach to the study of development (Berger, 2011). The ecological-systems approach recommends that human development should be studied by looking at the interactions and contexts that make up a person’s life. There are three levels that Bronfenbrenner proposes each person is affected by: microsystems, exosystems, and macrosystems (Berger, 2011). Microsystems are described as foundations of the person’s nearby surroundings, while an exosystem is described as the person’s local institutions. For example, a person’s family would constitute a person’s microsystem and their place of work would be their exosystem. A person’s macrosystem is their greater social settings, such as their cultural values and economy (Berger, 2011). Bronfenbrenner understood that development changes over time and, therefore, included two other systems that interact with the original three; the chronosystem and the mesosystem. The chronosystem encompasses the  historical conditions that affect the other systems and the mesosystem consists of the correlations between the three systems or parts of an individual system. In other words, the mesosystem refers to the connections between home and school, communication processes, and macrosystem factors that affect the microsystem (Berger, 2011). Understanding the shared connections between one area of life to another led developmentalists to form five standards that are beneficial for understanding human life at any age. These five characteristics are multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, and plasticity (Berger, 2011). Development is multidirectional, meaning that change occurs in every direction, with gains and losses, predictable growth, and unexpected transformations being apparent. Every aspect of life, including, intellectual growth, social interactions, and physical health are multidirectional (up, down, constant, or irregular). Additionally, in late adulthood, during old age, people tend to center on the declines rather than the gains, placing a particularly important emphasis on multidirectional change (Berger, 2011). Human lives are multicontextual, meaning life is made up of many situations, including past circumstances, economical limitations, family patterns, and physical surroundings (Berger, 2011). To put it another way, every context has an impact on the person. For example, the paths available to the individual are dependent on the historical and socioeconomic conditions. Developmentalists note that the socioeconomic status of a person greatly affects their opportunities and limitations, advantages and disadvantages, and past history and future prospects, which affect the person’s habits, knowledge, housing, and nutrition (Berger, 2011). The development of humans is influenced by many cultures. The multicultural principle understand that cognition and behavior are affected by the cultural environment, which includes the person’s social group, ethnicity, race, heritage, and even income (Berger, 2011). It is important to note that culture is dynamic, and people are capable of accepting or rejecting culture values. The study of life span and human development is  multidisciplinary; it is interrelated with various fields of academia. While psychology, biology, sociology, and education are major players, other fields such as neuroscience, anthropology, history, and economics play a role as well. (Berger, 2011) Multidisciplinary is important to the study of development because people grow in mind, body, and spirit simultaneously. The final characteristic is plasticity. Plasticity plays a role in the other four characteristics of development. It is an important characteristic because it represents two corresponding aspects of development (Berger, 2011). Plasticity understands that humans are capable of being molded, like plastic, while still maintaining a sturdy identity. Plasticity is affected by both culture and upbringing, as well as genes and other biological influences. The five characteristics led developmentalists to one conclusion: humans are individuals, whether or not they come from the same cohort, culture, or economy (Berger, 2011). Even though scientists have concluded that every person is an individual, there are still many questions about human development left to answer, which led to five major theories of development. Developmental theories offer structure for clarifying the patterns and problems of development. There are several theories of life span development such as the three grand theories: psychoanalytic, behaviorist, and cognitive (Berger, 2011). The grand theories of human development, which explain the collective development and processes throughout the entire life span, began in the field of psychology; observations and clarifications deriving in history, biology, sociology, and anthropology led to the emergent theories. The two emergent theories are not yet as coherent as the grand theories, but they draw on more academic disciplines providing a broader framework than the customary grand theories that rely only on psychology (Berger, 2011). Discussed here are the two emergent theories: sociocultural and epigenetic. The main concept of sociocultural theory is that human development is the result of a dynamic interaction between a person and their society. This concept is based on the idea that the tools and principles for development  are provided by not only customs, but society as a whole (Berger, 2011). The pioneer of the sociocultural perspective was a man named Lev Vygotsky. By studying the cognitive competency of his diverse society, he developed a theory of guided participation. Guided participation is a technique in which novices learn through shared involvement of an activity with instruction and the participation of a skilled mentor (Berger, 2011). Sociocultural theory places an emphasis on social interaction in learning. Gauvain (1998) stated, â€Å"cognitive development occurs in, and emerges from, social situations† (p.191). Another concept of learning in sociocultural theory is the zone of proximal development (Berger, 2011). The zone of proximal development is the metaphorical zone encompassing a learner that contains all the concepts, skills, and knowledge that the individual is proximal to attaining but cannot yet master without assistance (Berger, 2011). By extension, whether a person is learning a language, social custom, or manual skill, people always learn in the same way, according to sociocultural theory. Although it is true that people do learn in social settings, sociocultural theorists have been criticized for neglecting developmental processes that are not predominantly social (Berger, 2011). Epigenetic theory is centered on the notion that development is influenced by the interaction between genes and the environment. To develop this theory, researchers incorporated many disciplines including biology, chemistry, and genetics (Berger, 2011). Half of epigenetic theory looks at the genetics, referring to the entire genome, and looks at the specific genes that make each person unique and the genes that distinguish humans from other species as well as the genes that all species share. Genes influence all psychological traits as well as mood, metabolism, voice tone, blood type, and much more (Berger, 2011). The other half of epigenetic theory looks at the influence of surrounding factors on genetic expression. These factors are what gives some genes extensive influence while others have no effect (Berger, 2011). As development continues, each person continues along the path established by earlier genetic-environmental interactions, which influences outcomes. According to epigenetic theorists, genes never function alone, their latent  is not realized unless certain epi-factors transpire (Berger, 2011). Furthermore, epigenetic factors also influence groups of people and entire species. One way this happens is through selective adaptation, which is the progression by which humans and other organisms slowly adjust to their environment (Berger, 2011). In other words, over generations, a certain genetic trait in a population will increase or decrease. This depends on whether or not the trait promotes the survival and reproductive capability of that population. The particular environment is what determines which genes are harmful, neutral, or beneficial. According to epigenetic theory, adaptation occurs for all living organisms, regardless of the environment. Unlike sociocultural theory, many facets of epigenetic theory are generally accepted (Berger, 2011). To further explain the interaction of heredity and the environment on human development, one must look further at the role genes play in the development of a person. There are two major contributors to development: the genotype and the phenotype. The genotype is comprised of all the genes of a developing person. The genotype is responsible for the formation of the body and the brain (Berger, 2011). The phenotype is the appearance and behavior manifested in a person. The phenotype is dependent on many genes and the environment, with most traits being polygenic (affected by many genes) and multifactorial (influenced by many factors). Other contributors that influence the phenotype are additive alleles, which can affect height and skin color. Other additive alleles, called epistasis, produce traits that were not previously found in their ancestors (Berger, 2011). Every aspect of human behavior is affected by genes, this includes cognitive and social behavior. Personality and cognitive abilities are affected by many genetic combinations, with the genes relying on the environment for expression. No behavior could exist without genes and without the environment, no gene could be expressed (Berger, 2011). In conclusion, the study of human developments is a science that attempts to understand how people change over time. Developmentalists formed five characteristics that are beneficial for understanding human life at any age:  multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, and plasticity (Berger, 2011). Additionally, theories of development present introduce organization for understanding the patterns and problems of development. Sociocultural theory suggests that human development is the result of a dynamic interaction between a person and their society, while epigenetic theory is centered on the idea that development is shaped by the interaction between genes and the environment. Every aspect of human behavior is affected by genes and without the environment, no gene could be expressed (Berger, 2011). References Berger, K. S. (2011). The developing person through the life span (8th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. Gauvain, Mary. (1998). Cognitive development in social and cultural context. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7, 188-192.

No Child Left Behind Creates More Problems for Students...

The No Child Left Behind Act was designed by President George W. Bush in 2001. Although this act seems to be cutting edge and has generated enormous amounts of both controversy and support, this is not the first time American Education has seen such an attempt to improve education. According to the U.S. Department of Education, the purpose of No Child Left Behind is to improve student achievement and change the culture of Americas schools. ?The NCLB Act of 2001, the revised Elementary and Secondary Education Act, is a potent blend of new requirements, incentives and resources and it poses significant challenges for states? (?Education Commission of the States,? 2003). No Child Left Behind laws require that every state must develop†¦show more content†¦This system must test students in grades three through eight and ten on their level of proficiency in reading and math. In 2008 there are plans to add science to tests (Wright, 2003). These measures, which are statewide, determine how many students are making Adequate Yearly Progress, or AYP. In other words, those students that are proficient in reading and math are considered to be making AYP. Those that are not passing the tests or are not proficient are considered to not be making Adequate Yearly Progress. At first this appears to be a reasonable measure of student?s abilities. It sounds like it will push both students and teachers to work harder and focus more on student achievement and success. However, as the details of this accountability section of the law unravel it appears to be a lot more complicated. A large part of the problem is who is included when the time comes to count test scores to determine whether or not students are making AYP. No matter what subgroup one comes from they are held responsible making AYP. 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